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| Anopheles
franciscanus |
- Habitat/Ecology
- Larvae in slow moving streams and pools of water containing
rich growth of green algae, exposed to good sun. Also in rice fields.
Over winter as adults. Rarely found in human habitations.
- Hosts - Primarily
mammalian rabbits, cattle, horses, domestic pets, rodents and chickens.
Precipitin tests showed fed on reptiles (from a Sacramento population).
- Distribution
- Widespread - recorded from all counties except El Dorado, Modoc,
Mono, Sierra and San Francisco. From -200' to 5,200'
- Vector Potential
/ Diseases - Main Drain Virus has been isolated from a San Diego
population. Avian malaria was detected in Kern Co. population. Has
been infected with Plasmodium vivax under laboratory conditions.
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- Anopheles
freeborni
|
- Habitat/Ecology
- Larvae prefer clear, fresh seepage water in sunlit or partly
shaded pools; roadside ditches with grass; rice fields over winter
as adults.
- Hosts - Primarily
mammalian with rabbits a favored host. Also cattle, horses and dogs.
Will aggressively bite humans when encountered.
- Distribution
- Greatest success in the Sacramento Valley. Death Valley to Sierra
Co. to 6,000 feet.
- Vector Potential
/ Diseases - Most important vector of Plasmodium vivax.
Has shortest sporogenous cycle (8 days) of an California species of
Anopheles. Under Lab conditions was a successful vector of
avian malaria and VEE. Is a vector of Myxoma virus of rabbits. SLE
has been isolated from a Sacramento population.
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- Anopheles
hermsi
|
- Habitat/Ecology
- Similar to Anopheles freeborni
- Hosts -
- Distribution
- Were known as the Southern form of Anopheles occidentalis.
Found in Southern California. From San Louis Obispo Co. South and
San Mateo Co.
- Vector Potential
/ Diseases - Primary vector of malaria in San Diego County
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- Anopheles
occidentalis
|
- Habitat/Ecology
- Larvae found in ponds, creeks, streams, swamps and seepages.
Peak abundance of larvae and adults in May and July. Over winter as
adults and larvae.
- Hosts - Rarely
bites humans. Precipitin tests indicate a preference for bovine blood
(70%) and then horse (28%).
- Distribution
- Coastal California
- Vector Potential
/ Diseases - Under experimental conditions has successfully transmitted
Plasmodium vivax.
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| Anopheles
punctipennis |
- Habitat/Ecology
- Larvae mostly found in clear, shaded pools along creeks
and streams in foothill areas. Occasionally found in foul water. Do
not tolerate saline water.
- Hosts - Feed
on large mammals with cows as the preferred host (Precipitin tests).
Also feed on horse, sheep, birds, cats and humans.
- Distribution
- Localized populations along the coastal and interior foothill
areas of the state to the Tehachapi Mountains.
- Vector Potential
/ Diseases - Successfully infected with Plasmodium vivax and
Plasmodium falciparum under lab conditions. Has successfully
transmitted Plasmodium vivax. Has been reported as a vector
of Dog heartworm.
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